XLI REUNION ANUAL
DE LA SOCIEDAD ARGENTINA DE BIOFISICA
Simposo Satélite: Toxinas de Interés para la Biomedicina (BIOTOX). Auspiciado por CYTED.
María
Laura Fanani and Bruno Maggio
Centro
de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC - CONICET). Depto.
Química Biológica, Fac. Ciencias Químicas, Univ. Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba.
Sphingomyelinase
(SMase) is a phospholipase that hydrolyzes sphingomyelin producing ceramide,
which remains in the membrane, and the water-soluble phosphocholine. It is
present in bacterial hemolytic cocktails, spider venoms and has an important
role in mammalian cell signal transduction. The production of ceramide induces
important changes in the physical organization of the membrane, which is
proposed as its main biological function. In cholesterol-poor membranes the
enzymatically produced ceramide laterally segregates forming condensed ceramide-enriched
domains (1) whose
composition and morphology depends on the kinetics of ceramida production (2). On the other
hand, in cholesterol-rich membranes the produced ceramide partitions
preferentially in cholesterol-rich liquid-ordered domains, freeing the more
expanded (SMase-rich) active phase from product and allowing the liquid-ordered
domains to act as substrate reservoir. As a consequence SMase shows an enhanced
activity when acting in a membrane that exhibit the coexistence of
liquid-expanded/ liquid-ordered phases (3) compared to
fully liquid-expanded or fully liquid-ordered phases. Therefore, lipid
diffusion and preferential partitioning in the different phases determine the
membrane reactivity, dynamics and bi-dimensional structure that are relevant
for the enzymatic function.
References:
1)
Fanani,
M. L., Hartel, S., Maggio, B., De, T. L., Jara, J., Olmos, F., and Oliveira, R.
G. (2010) Biochim. Biophys Acta 1798, 1309-1323.
2)
Fanani,
M. L., De, T. L., Hartel, S., Jara, J., and Maggio, B. (2009) Biophys. J. 96,
67-76
3)
Ale,
E. C., Maggio, B., and Fanani, M. L. (2012) Biochim Biophys Acta 1818,
2767-2776
Acknoledgments:
This work was supported by CONICET, FONCyT; SECyT-UNC. MLF and BM are career
researchers of CONICET.